Rabbi Yishma'el
haCohen was born in the city of Modena, Italy, in 1723. He was
considered the most important rabbi (poseq) of his generation in Italy.
He was also a very beloved rabbi by all his congregants. Despite his
great intellect, he used to speak to his congregants in a simple
language and at their level of understanding.
Rabbi Yishma'el served
as the rabbi of Modena for more than 30 years, but practically speaking
he was the main rabbinic referent of Italy during his lifetime. He
wrote thousands of Teshubot (Rabbinic Responsa) answering to Halakhic
questions sent by Italian Jews from all the corners of the country. He
was highly praised by all his contemporary colleagues, among them the
famous rabbi Hayim Yosef David Azulai, the Hida.
The times of rabbi
Yishma'el, were the times of the first reformers in Europe. Many
"enlightened" Jews were proposing radical changes in Judaism, to reform
the Tora to modern times and remove from Judaism its national dimension.
Rabbi Yishma'el stood at the vanguard on the battle against reform,
safeguarding traditional Judaism against the new waves of assimilation.
He wrote many religious poems (pizmonim, baqashot), some of them were sung every shabbat in his Synagogue.
He also wrote:
He also wrote:
Sefat emet: a collection of his speeches on the Parasha of the week.
Shebah Pesah. A book that explains the Hagada of Pesah and the laws of the holiday.
His most famous book is zera' emet.
This is a collection of hundreds of Responsa on many different Halakhic
subjects. It is also very important because it is one of the first
books to address questions that arose in modern times which required a
respected Halakhic authority to set new legal precedents.
The name of the book, zera' emet
("True descendants") requires some explanation. Rabbi Yishma'el did not
have children. And although, as he mentioned in his book, he loved and
care for every one of his students as if they were his own children, he
considered this book his true legacy for posterity. In the introduction
of zera' emet he quotes the beautiful analogy our Rabbis wrote
to express the "immortality" acquired by a Torah Scholar who writes a
relevant book. They said that when the readers read the words of a Torah
scholar who passed away, "his lips move in his grave", (siftotav dobebot baqaber), in other words, the act of reading revives the words of the Torah scholar, bringing his legacy and memory back to life.
Rabbi Yishma'el passed away in Modena, 1811